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Recommendation & Method of use:
MARK I 4440 is recommended for Ink formulations where air-entrainment causes operational difficulties or impair the quality of Ink performance. 0.25 to 0.5% of defoamer on the weight of the inks is usually sufficient to suppress air-entrapment.

 MARK I 4450 is recommended for formulations where air-entrainment cause operational difficulties or impairs the quality of the product. It has also very rapid foam knock-down properties.
From 0.25 to 0.5% of defoamer on the weight of the coating solids is usually sufficient to suppress air-entrainment. The optimum amount for individual formulations can readily be determined by trial.
For adhesives, 1 to 2% of MARK DC 1450 based on the weight of the latex solids is more than sufficient.
As the product is very effective antifoam agent, a very small quantity like 200 gms to 500 gms can effectively defoam 100 Ltrs of paint. It is advisable to split the addition of defoamer by adding half the normal quantity to the pigment mix prior to grinding to suppress the formation of foam & the balance to the let down portion of the paint.

Recommendation & Method of Use:
• 1-6% based upon total formulation for coatings.
• 2-10% based upon total formulation for printing inks.
The above recommended levels can be used for orientation. Optimal levels are determined through a series of laboratory tests. The wax additive is preferably added with stirring after blending the polymers with the plasticizers and water, although before the incorporation of surface-active substances.

Recommendation & Method of use:
For Black Paint: 10 to 20% of pigment by weight is recommended.
For other Applications the right quantity can be determined by experiments.

Recommendation & Method of use:
MARK IC 2052 is particularly recommended for epoxy resins systems, UV systems, PVC plastisols, Adhesives & Sealants.
For other Applications the right quantity can be determined by experiments.

Recommendation & Method of use:
Inorganic pigments: 0.5-3 %
Organic pigments: 2.5-5 %
For optimal performance MARK IC 2053 should be incorporated before solids are added.
For other Applications the right quantity can be determined by experiments.

Recommendation & Method of use:
It is ideally suited for stabilizing carbon blacks as well as organic pigments, especially in two-pack PU wood and furniture coatings.
Amount of additive (as supplied) on pigment:
Inorganic pigments: 8 - 10%
Organic pigments: 10 - 15%
Carbon Black: 12 – 18%

Recommendation & Method of use:
MARK IC 2057 is particularly recommended for epoxy resins systems, UV systems, PVC plastisols, Adhesives & Sealants.
10 - 20% based on organic pigments
3.0 - 5.0% based on other inorganic pigments
For other Applications the right quantity can be determined by experiments.